Neurological rehabilitation
Neurological rehabilitation is a specialisation that helps to overcome ailments, injuries, or disorders of the nervous system, with an aim to improve the function and reduce symptoms. It is a combination of interdisciplinary team approach, including physical, occupational, and speech therapy to tackle issues related to mobility, speech, swallowing, and cognitive functions.
Techniques may include traditional exercises, functional electrical stimulation, robotic therapy, and virtual reality, which are designed to use the brain’s ability to change and adapt which is also known as neuroplasticity.
Key objectives of neurological rehabilitation are:
⇒Increase function: Recover abilities in functions like such as walking, using a hand, or swallowing, lost due to injury or disease,
⇒Reduce symptoms: Minimize debilitating symptoms like weakness, poor coordination, and dizziness.
Conditions that benefit from this therapy:
⇒Stroke
⇒Traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries
⇒Degenerative diseases like Parkinson’s, Multiple Sclerosis, and ALS
⇒Infections like meningitis or encephalitis
⇒Structural or neuromuscular disorders such as cerebral palsy, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and muscular dystrophy
⇒Vascular disorders
Common therapies and techniques:
⇒Physical therapy: Focuses on improving motor skills like walking, balance, and posture through exercises, gait training, and functional electrical stimulation.
⇒Occupational therapy: Helps with the fine motor skills and day to day activities, such as dressing or eating.
⇒Speech-language pathology: Addresses communication, swallowing, and cognitive-linguistic challenges.
⇒Advanced technologies: Includes robotic therapy and virtual reality aimed to provide enhanced, repetitive, and engaging training.
⇒Neuroplasticity-based training: Exercises and tasks designed to promote the brain’s ability to reorganize and form new neural connections.
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